2 Production and Operations Management, Third Edition R. Panneerselvam Production and Operations Management, Third Edition R. Panneerselvam The production and operations management is a vital function of the management in converting the raw materials into value added goods and services in a controlled manner as per the polices of the organization. This widely adopted and well-established book, now in its Third Edition, provides the students of engineering and management with the latest techniques in production and operations management. The chapters of this text are written in easy to read style with numerous chapter end questions. The algorithms in different chapters which are illustrated with numerical problems would help the readers in implementing various techniques to improve organizational productivity. This profusely illustrated and well-organized text with its fine blend of theory and applications would also be useful for the practicing professionals. Download Production and Operations Management, Third Editio...pdf Read Online Production and Operations Management, Third Edit...pdf
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Abstract:Ensuring on-shelf availability is essential for retailers to maintain high service levels for both in-store and E-Commerce consumers. The performance of this indicator largely depends on reorder planning decisions, as well as on the effectiveness of the replenishment process. This paper presents a case study that involved two Lean initiatives, which together have contributed to a significantly reduction in the number of out-of-stock events incurred by a retail store and an increase in the order fulfilment rate accomplished by the online commerce service. In the first initiative, a value stream management (VSM) methodology was adopted to redesign the existing replenishment process in the most relevant fresh food market: fruits and vegetables. The second initiative involved the implementation of a simple, but effective visual inventory management system in the warehouse of the E-Commerce division, where a wide set of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) is stored using kanban cards. This paper hence demonstrates, through practical application, that Lean tools can be employed to improve operational processes with positive impacts on both the physical store performance and on results regarding the online commerce business.Keywords: E-Commerce; lean management; order fulfilment rate; out-of-stock; value stream mapping
During the 19th century, a significant part of the world's production of cobalt blue (a pigment made with cobalt compounds and alumina) and smalt (cobalt glass powdered for use for pigment purposes in ceramics and painting) was carried out at the Norwegian Blaafarveværket.[38][39] The first mines for the production of smalt in the 16th century were located in Norway, Sweden, Saxony and Hungary. With the discovery of cobalt ore in New Caledonia in 1864, the mining of cobalt in Europe declined. With the discovery of ore deposits in Ontario, Canada in 1904 and the discovery of even larger deposits in the Katanga Province in the Congo in 1914, the mining operations shifted again.[34] When the Shaba conflict started in 1978, the copper mines of Katanga Province nearly stopped production.[40][41] The impact on the world cobalt economy from this conflict was smaller than expected: cobalt is a rare metal, the pigment is highly toxic, and the industry had already established effective ways for recycling cobalt materials. In some cases, industry was able to change to cobalt-free alternatives.[40][41]
Research is being conducted by the European Union into the possibility of eliminating cobalt requirements in lithium-ion battery production.[118][119] As of August 2020 battery makers have gradually reduced the cathode cobalt content from 1/3 (NMC 111) to 1/5 (NMC 442) to currently 1/10 (NMC 811) and have also introduced the cobalt free lithium iron phosphate cathode into the battery packs of electric cars such as the Tesla Model 3.[120][121] In September 2020, Tesla outlined their plans to make their own, cobalt-free battery cells.[122] 2ff7e9595c
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